Sabis na bugun 3D
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, an ƙara ƙirƙira fasahohi don kera kayayyaki ko sassa daban-daban, waɗanda fasahar bugun 3D na ɗaya daga cikinsu.A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da kayayyakin da fasahar bugu ta 3D za ta iya kerawa a masana'antu daban-daban.
Bukatun-bayyani
Kamar yadda wani babban da kuma babbar samfur masana'antu sabis kamfanin, JHmockup ya yi amfani da balagagge 3D bugu fasaha don taimaka abokan ciniki kerarre m kayayyakin da sassa da suke so, kuma yana karuwa a kowace shekara, mu ba kawai samar da 3D bugu da sabis, amma kuma taimaka surface jiyya na. bugu kayayyakin, kamar manual nika , canza launi, splicing, taro da gwaji, da dai sauransu, JHmockup m samfur da gaske ne daya-tasha sabis kamfanin.
Menene bugu na 3D?
A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin samar da samfur, bugu na 3D yana cikin masana'antar ƙari, wanda kuma aka sani da bugu uku / bugu na xyz, ko masana'anta mai launi, wanda za'a iya bayyana shi azaman tsarin bugu da ƙirƙirar kowane abu mai girma uku.
Buga na 3D yana buƙatar jerin matakai waɗanda aka tattara kayan kuma su zama sifar da ake so akan takamaiman na'ura bisa ga software da aka riga aka tsara don sarrafa kayan aikin firinta na 3D kamar firintar Laser ko nozzles na kayan.
Nau'in bugu na 3D
Ya zuwa yanzu, mafi yawan nau'ikan bugu na 3D ana iya rarraba su zuwa masu zuwa:
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) kuma ana kiransa Fused filament ƙirƙira (FFF), ƙa'idarsa abu ne na 3D wanda ke samarwa ta hanyar extrusion abu tare da bututun ƙarfe mai zafi.Ana adana kayan kuma an ƙirƙira su zuwa takamaiman tsari akan dandamali azaman hanyar da aka saita a cikin software.
Fasahar bugu ta FDM na iya buga abubuwa daban-daban, kamar filastik, siminti, abinci, biogels, manna ƙarfe da sauran kayan.Amma filastik abu ne na yau da kullun na aikace-aikace a cikin bugu na FDM, wanda ya haɗa da filament na filastik kamar PLA, ABS, PET, PETG, TPU, Nylon, ASA, PC, HIPS, Carbon Fiber, da sauransu.
Stereolithography (SLA), wanda kuma aka sani da photolithography, haske-curing modeling uku-girma, fasaha ne na 3D bugu da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar samfuri, samfuri, alamu, da dai sauransu. Yana amfani da hanyar photopolymerization don haɗa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don samar da polymers ta hanyar hasken haske.Wadannan polymers suna samar da ingantaccen abu na 3D mai girma uku.
Firintar SLA tana ɗaukar madubai waɗanda aka sani da galvanometers ko galvos, tare da ɗayan a kan axis X kuma wani akan axis Y.Wadannan galvos da sauri suna nufin katako na Laser a kan ramin guduro, zaɓen warkewa da ƙarfafa wani yanki na abin da ke cikin wannan yanki na ginin, suna gina shi sama da ƙasa. Yawancin firintocin SLA suna amfani da Laser mai ƙarfi don warkar da sassa.Buƙatun SLA yana buƙatar kayan gama gari shine resin photopolymer.Daidaitaccen girman girman SLA na iya zama har zuwa ± 0.5%, don haka idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar allura ta gargajiya, ƙarfinsa shine siminti, m, biocompatable, mai sauri kuma yana da aikace-aikacen fa'ida a cikin simintin kayan ado, haƙori, samfuri, samfuran wasanni, da sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan vat polymerization guda uku (SLA, MSLA da DLP), sarrafa hasken dijital (DLP) yana amfani da injin hasken dijital don kunna hoto ɗaya na kowane Layer gaba ɗaya (ko walƙiya da yawa don manyan sassa).
Kamar sauran takwarorinsu na SLA, ana gina firintocin DLP 3D a kusa da tankin guduro tare da kasa mai haske da kuma ginin dandali wanda ke gangarowa cikin tankin guduro don ƙirƙirar sassan juye, Layer ta Layer.Hasken yana nunawa akan na'urar micromirror na dijital, abin rufe fuska mai ƙarfi. wanda ya ƙunshi madubai masu girman ƙananan ƙwararru waɗanda aka shimfiɗa a cikin matrix akan guntu na semiconductor.Gaggauta jujjuya waɗannan ƙananan madubai tsakanin ruwan tabarau waɗanda ke ba da haske zuwa ƙasan tanki ko ɗumi mai zafi yana bayyana ma'anar daidaitawa inda resin ruwa ke warkewa a cikin Layer ɗin da aka bayar.
Masked Stereolithography (MSLA) yana amfani da tsararren LED azaman tushen haskensa, yana haskaka hasken UV ta hanyar allon LCD yana nuna yanki guda ɗaya azaman abin rufe fuska - don haka sunan. Kamar DLP, LCD photomask yana nunawa a dijital kuma ya ƙunshi pixels murabba'i.Girman pixel na mashin hoto na LCD yana ma'anar granularity na bugawa.Don haka, an daidaita daidaiton XY kuma baya dogara da yadda zaku iya zuƙowa/ma'auni na ruwan tabarau, kamar yadda yake tare da DLP.Wani bambanci tsakanin firintocin da ke tushen DLP da fasahar MSLA shi ne cewa na ƙarshen yana amfani da ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan masu fitar da hayaki maimakon madogarar haske mai lamba ɗaya kamar diode laser ko kwan fitila DLP.
Kama da DLP, MSLA na iya, ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, cimma lokutan bugu da sauri idan aka kwatanta da SLA.Wannan saboda an fallasa gabaɗayan Layer lokaci ɗaya maimakon gano yanki na giciye tare da ma'anar laser.Saboda ƙarancin farashi na raka'a LCD, MSLA ya zama fasahar tafi-da-gidanka don ɓangaren bututun resin na tebur na kasafin kuɗi.
Selective Laser sintering (SLS) wani ƙari masana'antu dabara cewa yana amfani da Laser a matsayin ikon tushen zuwa sinter powdered kayan, ta atomatik yin nufin Laser a wani batu a cikin wani sarari ayyana ta 3D model, bonding kayan tare da samar da wani karfi tsari.Yana kama da narkewar Laser na zaɓi;dukansu al'amura ne na ra'ayi iri ɗaya, amma sun bambanta a cikakkun bayanai na fasaha.SLS sabuwar fasaha ce, kuma ya zuwa yanzu an fi amfani da ita don saurin samfura da samar da sassa kaɗan.
Buga SLS ya ƙunshi yin amfani da babban Laser mai ƙarfi (misali, laser carbon dioxide) don haɗa ƙananan barbashi na ƙarfe, yumbu, ko foda na gilashi zuwa wani taro wanda ke da siffa mai girma uku da ake so.Laser ɗin yana zaɓi yana haɗa kayan foda ta hanyar bincika sassan giciye waɗanda aka samar daga bayanin dijital na 3-D na ɓangaren (misali daga fayil ɗin CAD ko bayanan duba) akan saman gadon foda.Bayan an duba kowane ɓangaren giciye, ana saukar da gadon foda da kauri ɗaya, a shafa sabon kayan abu a sama, ana maimaita aikin har sai an kammala sashin.
Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) wani tsari ne na bugu na 3D wanda ke samar da ingantattun sassa da cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla tare da foda na thermoplastics.Yin amfani da tsararrun inkjet, MJF yana aiki ta hanyar ajiye fusing da bayyani dalla-dalla a cikin gadon kayan foda, sannan a haɗa su cikin wani m Layer.Firintar tana rarraba ƙarin foda a saman gadon, kuma tsarin yana maimaita layi ta layi.
Multi Jet Fusion yana amfani da kayan ƙwaƙƙwal masu kyau waɗanda ke ba da izinin yadudduka na bakin ciki na 80 microns.Wannan yana haifar da sassan da yawa da ƙananan porosity, idan aka kwatanta da sassan da aka samar tare da Laser Sintering.Hakanan yana kaiwa zuwa wani wuri mai santsi na musamman kai tsaye daga cikin firinta, kuma sassa masu aiki suna buƙatar ƙaramar ƙarewa bayan samarwa.Wannan yana nufin gajeren lokacin jagora, manufa don samfurori masu aiki da ƙananan jerin sassan ƙarshen.Don aikace-aikacen masana'antu.An fi amfani da shi don kera samfurori na aiki da sassan amfani na ƙarshe, sassan da ke buƙatar daidaitattun kaddarorin injiniyoyi, da geometries waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin halitta da hadaddun.
Buga PolyJet tsari ne na bugu na 3D na masana'antu wanda ke gina samfuran abubuwa da yawa tare da sassauƙan fasali da rikitattun sassa tare da rikitattun geometries cikin sauri kamar kwana 1.Akwai kewayon hardnesses (durometers), waɗanda ke aiki da kyau don abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare da fasalin elastomeric kamar gaskets, hatimi, da gidaje.
Tsarin PolyJet yana farawa ta hanyar fesa ƙananan ɗigon ruwa na photopolymers a cikin yadudduka waɗanda ke warkewar UV nan take.Voxels (pixels masu girma uku) ana sanya su da dabaru yayin ginin, wanda ke ba da damar haɗuwa da duka biyu masu sassauƙa da tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda aka sani azaman kayan dijital.Kowane voxel yana da kauri a tsaye daidai da kaurin Layer na microns 30.Kyakkyawan yadudduka na kayan dijital suna taruwa akan dandamalin gini don ƙirƙirar sahihan bugu na 3D.
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) fasaha ce ta Laser narkakken ƙarfe kai tsaye (DMLM) ko fasahar gado ta Laser foda (LPBF) wacce ke samar da daidaitattun geometries ɗin da ba zai yiwu ba tare da sauran hanyoyin masana'antar ƙarfe.
DMLS yana amfani da madaidaicin laser mai ƙarfi zuwa micro-weld powdered karafa da gami don samar da cikakken kayan aikin ƙarfe daga ƙirar CAD ɗinku. An yi sassan DMLS tare da kayan foda kamar aluminum, bakin karfe da titanium, kazalika da kayan kwalliya kamar MONEL K500 da kuma nickel Alloy 718.
Fasahar bugu ta EBM tana amfani da igiyar lantarki da bindigar lantarki ke samarwa.Wannan na ƙarshe yana fitar da electrons daga filament tungsten a ƙarƙashin injin kuma yana aiwatar da su ta hanya mai sauri akan Layer na foda na ƙarfe da aka ajiye akan farantin ginin na firintar 3D.Wadannan electrons za su iya zabar fuse foda don haka su samar da sashin.
Ana amfani da fasahar EBM galibi a cikin jiragen sama da aikace-aikacen likita, musamman don ƙirar dasa.Alloys Titanium suna da ban sha'awa musamman saboda abubuwan da suka dace da su da kayan aikin injiniya, suna iya ba da haske da ƙarfi.Ana amfani da fasaha sosai don kera ruwan injin turbin, misali, ko sassan injin.Fasahar Electron Beam Melting za ta haifar da sassa da sauri fiye da fasahar LPBF, amma tsarin ba shi da kyau kuma ƙarshen zai zama mafi ƙarancin inganci saboda foda ya fi granular.
Amfanin 3D bugu
Ƙananan farashi
A cikin ɓangaren bugun 3D, sabis ɗin da ke ba da sassan CNC akan layi yana nufin za ku iya loda ƙirar ku, samun ƙima nan take kuma ku ga ɓangaren ku ana yin kusan nan da nan.Wannan babban ci gaba ne daga tsarin rikitarwa na samun samfur zuwa kasuwa ta amfani da masana'antar gargajiya, kuma mai rahusa sosai, ma.A bayyane yake wannan yana da matukar fa'ida ga kasuwancin da ke buƙatar sassa.Amma aikace-aikacen da suka dace da fasahar bugu na 3D suna girma a kowace rana - an riga an sami mutanen da ke zaune a cikin gidajen bugu na 3D.Yayin da ake ci gaba da ci gaba, jama'a da yawa za su fara samun lada mai tsada na wannan babbar masana'antar haɓaka.
Samfuran masana'anta
Yin amfani da dabarun masana'antu na gargajiya, ƙira masu rikitarwa gabaɗaya sun fi wahalar samarwa.Buga 3D ya buɗe hanya zuwa ga waɗanda ba a taɓa tunanin a baya ba ga masu ƙira da ƴan kasuwa.Tare da ci gaba da ƙarin sabbin kayan bugu, gami da ƙarfe da masana'anta, ikon daidaita bugu na 3D zuwa sassa da yawa yana da alama mara iyaka.Tuni masana'antu kamar kera motoci, makamashi da sararin samaniya suna shiga cikin yuwuwar da wannan fasaha ke bayarwa, kuma an fara jin kasancewar sa a duk faɗin masana'antu a duniya.
Ci gaban likita
Amfanin bugu na 3D zai iya kawo wa sabbin ci gaban likita an riga an gane shi da kyau.Wadanda ke fama da hatsarori da cututtuka sun sami 3D bugu na ƙashi, wanda za a iya ƙirƙira tare da cikakkiyar daidaito.Wadannan abubuwan da aka dasa sau da yawa suna nufin cewa faranti na ƙarfe ko kayan ɗamara ba dole ba ne a cire su ta hanyar tiyata lokacin da kashi ya warke.Har ila yau, magani yana zama mafi ƙayyadaddun haƙuri, kamar yadda bincike ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar ƙirar 3D na wuraren da abin ya shafa.Irin waɗannan samfuran riga-kafi na iya yin tasiri sosai a jiyya, tare da rage lokutan tiyata sosai.Sabbin ci gaba a fannin likitanci da bugu na 3D suna tasowa kusan kowace rana.
Dorewa
Hanyoyin da aka tsara na bugu na 3D suna hanzarta tsarin samar da kayayyaki, kuma rage yawan lokacin masana'antu a cikin dogon lokaci yana nufin rage yawan makamashi.Ƙarfafa masana'anta kuma yana samar da ƙarancin sharar gida fiye da matakai da yawa, kuma idan ana batun filastik, waɗannan fasahohin na iya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin tuƙi don tsabtace tekunan mu.Sauran fa'idodin sun haɗa da sabis na kan layi kamar 3D bugu Chicago, inda ake kawo samarwa kusa da abokin ciniki, rage gurɓataccen iska daga sufuri mai nauyi.Tare da aikin Amsterdam wanda ya riga ya yi amfani da filastik filastik don buga kayan daki na titi, 3D bugu yana neman ƙara abokantaka ga muhalli.
Ci gaban tattalin arziki
Buga na 3D ya haifar da sabon zamani na damar ƙirƙira, kuma ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin abubuwa za su ga damar haɓaka.Tunanin da a da ba zai yiwu a gane su ba a yanzu suna hannunmu, kuma duniyar ƙira da ƙira ta faɗaɗa ba zato ba tsammani zuwa sabon hangen nesa.’Yan kasuwa sun riga sun yi amfani da fasaha don ƙirƙirar samfuran da ba mu taɓa sanin muna buƙata ba.Tattalin Arziki a duk faɗin duniya za su amfana yayin da aka haifar da sabbin kasuwanni masu tasowa.Nan da nan fiye da yadda muke tunani, za mu sayi kayan da ba a ƙirƙira su ba tukuna, kuma muna mamakin yadda muka taɓa rayuwa ba tare da su ba.
Aikace-aikace na 3D bugu
Buga 3D ya sa ya zama mai arha don ƙirƙirar abubuwa guda ɗaya kamar yadda ake samar da dubbai, don haka ƙarin masana'antu sun fara amfani da shi:
1.Mass customization
2.Rapid masana'antu
3.Saurin samfuri
4.Bincike
5. Abinci
6.Agile kayan aiki
7.Medical aikace-aikace: Bio-bugu, Medical na'urorin, Pharmaceutical Formulations)
8.Industrial aikace-aikace: Tufafi, Masana'antu art da kayan ado, Automotive masana'antu Gina, gida ci gaban, bindigogi, Kwamfuta da mutummutumi, Soft firikwensin da actuators, Space (D-buga sararin samaniya da kuma 3D bugu § Gina)
9.Sociocultural aikace-aikace: Art da kayan ado, 3D selfies, Sadarwa, Ilimi da bincike, muhalli, al'adun gargajiya, Specialty kayan, da dai sauransu.
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3D bugu da sauri samfur
A cikin wannan sabon zamani na manyan canje-canje, abubuwa da yawa da ke kewaye da mu suna ci gaba da ingantawa da kamala.Kayayyakin fasaha ne kawai waɗanda ke ci gaba da haɓakawa da canzawa sun fi shahara.Wato, fasahar samfurin mu mai saurin samfuri yana da babban sauri da inganci, tasirin samar da samfur yana da kyau sosai.Ming, kar ku tsaya tare, to ta yaya wannan fasaha mai saurin kwatance ta kwatanta da fasahar gargajiya?Yau za mu leka.
Fasahar saurin ƙira da na'urar keɓaɓɓu da sauri za ta iya daidaitawa da wahalar masana'anta da sarrafa kayayyaki daban-daban a rayuwarmu, kuma tana iya samun kyawawan kayayyaki da kaddarorin sassa.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da sauri prototyping fasaha na kayan ya shafi kayan, kafa hanyoyin da tsarin sassa na sassa.Ma'anar samfuri mai sauri ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sinadarai na kayan haɓakawa, abubuwan da ake buƙata na zahiri na kayan ƙirƙirar (kamar foda, waya ko foil) (maganin narkewa, haɓakar haɓakar thermal, haɓakar thermal, danko da ruwa).Ta hanyar sanin halayen waɗannan kayan ne kawai za mu iya zaɓar kayan da ya dace idan aka kwatanta da fasahar saurin samfur na gargajiya.Wadanne halaye ne na fasahar yin samfuri da sauri?
3d bugu kayan m prototyping fasahar yafi hada da abu yawa da porosity.A cikin samar da tsari, iya saduwa da yi bukatun na gyare-gyaren abu microstructure, gyare-gyaren abu madaidaici, sassa daidaici da surface roughness, gyare-gyaren abu shrinkage (cikin danniya, nakasawa da fatattaka) na iya saduwa da takamaiman bukatun daban-daban m prototyping hanyoyin.Matsakaicin samfurin zai shafi tsarin samfurin kai tsaye, ƙarancin saman samfurin zai shafi ko akwai wasu lahani a saman samfurin, kuma raguwar kayan zai shafi madaidaicin buƙatun samfurin. a cikin tsarin samarwa.
Fasaha samfuri cikin sauri don samfuran da aka samar.Haka kuma yana tabbatar da cewa babu wani babban gibi tsakanin abin da ake samarwa da wanda ake sawa a kasuwa.Fasahar saurin samfur na kayan abu ya ƙunshi yawa kayan abu da porosity.A cikin samar da tsari, iya saduwa da yi bukatun na gyare-gyaren abu microstructure, gyare-gyaren abu madaidaici, sassa daidaici da surface roughness, gyare-gyaren abu shrinkage (cikin danniya, nakasawa da fatattaka) na iya saduwa da takamaiman bukatun daban-daban m prototyping hanyoyin.Matsakaicin samfurin zai shafi tsarin samfurin kai tsaye, ƙarancin saman samfurin zai shafi ko akwai wasu lahani a saman samfurin, kuma raguwar kayan zai shafi madaidaicin buƙatun samfurin. a cikin tsarin samarwa.
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Matsayin mold m fasahar samfuri
Ƙirƙirar fasahar ƙira cikin sauri kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakar tattalin arziƙin kasuwa, ƙirar ƙirar ƙira cikin sauri kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, muhimmin ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar fasahar masana'anta ta ci gaba.Yana mai da hankali kan fasahar taimakon kwamfuta da fasahar kere-kere, fasahar Laser da kimiyyar kere-kere da fasaha, in babu gyare-gyare na al'ada da tsawaitawa, da sauri haifar da hadaddun hadaddun sifa kuma suna da takamaiman aiki na ƙirar mahaɗan 3D ko sassa, game da farashin sabbin abubuwa. ci gaban samfur da masana'anta, gyara.Ana amfani da sashe a cikin jirgin sama, sararin samaniya, mota, sadarwa, likitanci, kayan lantarki, kayan gida, kayan wasan yara, kayan aikin soja, ƙirar masana'antu ( sassaka ), ƙirar gine-gine, masana'antar injina da sauran fannoni.A cikin masana'antar masana'antar ƙira, saurin samfurin da aka yi ta hanyar fasahar samfuri cikin sauri an haɗa shi da silica gel mold, feshin ƙarfe na sanyi, simintin gyare-gyare, simintin lantarki, simintin centrifugal da sauran hanyoyin don samar da kyawon tsayuwa.
To mene ne halayensa?Na farko, yana ɗaukar hanyar haɓaka kayan aiki (kamar coagulation, walda, siminti, sintering, tarawa, da sauransu) don samar da bayyanar sassan da ake buƙata, saboda fasahar RP yayin aiwatar da samfuran ba za ta haifar da sharar gida ba. gurbacewar muhalli, don haka a zamanin yau ya mai da hankali kan yanayin muhalli, wannan ma fasahar kere kere.Abu na biyu, ya warware matsaloli da yawa a cikin al'ada aiki da kuma masana'antu don Laser fasahar, lamba kula da fasaha, sinadaran masana'antu, kayan aikin injiniya da sauran fasaha.Yin amfani da fasahohin zamani cikin sauri a kasar Sin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa masana'antun kera kayayyaki a kasar Sin, da kara saurin ba da amsa ga kamfanoni zuwa kasuwa, da kara yin gasa na kamfanoni, kana ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin kasa. girma.
Amfanin samfuran bugu na 3D
1. Tare da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar masana'anta, yana iya kammala masana'anta da wuya a kammala ta hanyoyin gargajiya.Samfurin yana da rikitarwa, kuma kawai ta hanyar zagaye da yawa na ƙira - samfurin na'ura na samarwa - gwaji - gyare-gyaren ƙira - samfurin na'urar haifuwa - sake gwadawa, ta hanyar gwajin na'ura mai maimaitawa na iya samun matsala da gyara lokaci.Duk da haka, fitowar samfurin yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo da tsada don amfani da tsarin masana'antu na gargajiya, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba mai tsawo da kuma tsada.
2. Ƙananan farashi da saurin sauri na ƙananan masana'anta na iya rage haɗarin haɓakawa da rage lokacin haɓakawa.3D bugu ingot simintin gyaran kafa tare da allunan baya bukatar gargajiya masana'antu yanayin, tsarin, mold da mutu ƙirƙira tsari, iya m samfur samar, low cost, da dijital, dukan samar da tsari za a iya modified a kowane lokaci, a kowane lokaci, a cikin wani m samfurin. gajeren lokaci, adadi mai yawa na gwajin tabbatarwa, don haka yana rage haɗarin haɓakawa, rage lokacin haɓakawa, rage farashin ci gaba.
3. Babban amfani da kayan aiki, zai iya rage yawan farashin samarwa.The gargajiya masana'antu ne "material rage masana'antu", ta hanyar da albarkatun kasa yankan billet, extrusion da sauran ayyuka, cire wuce haddi albarkatun kasa, sarrafa da ake bukata sassa siffar, da aiki aiwatar da kau da albarkatun kasa da wuya a sake yin fa'ida, da sharar gida. albarkatun kasa.Buga 3D kawai yana ƙara albarkatun ƙasa a inda ake buƙata, kuma ƙimar amfani da kayan yana da yawa sosai, wanda zai iya yin cikakken amfani da albarkatun ƙasa masu tsada kuma yana rage tsada sosai.
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Yadda ake gane samfuran al'ada?
Keɓance sabis na ƙira da masana'anta shine babban ƙarfin mu.Haɓaka samfuri daban-daban suna da ma'auni na gyare-gyare daban-daban, kamar gyare-gyaren samfur na ɓangarori, gyare-gyaren samfur gabaɗaya, gyare-gyaren wani ɓangare na kayan aikin samfur, ƙirar software na samfur, da gyare-gyaren sarrafa wutar lantarki.Sabis ɗin masana'anta da ƙirƙira na al'ada ya dogara ne akan cikakkiyar fahimtar aikin samfurin abokin ciniki, ƙarfin kayan aiki, fasahar sarrafa kayan, jiyya ta sama, haɗaɗɗun samfura, gwajin aiki, samar da taro, sarrafa farashi da sauran abubuwan kafin cikakken kimantawa da ƙirar shirin.Muna samar da cikakken bayani sarkar samar.Wataƙila samfurinka baya amfani da duk sabis ɗin a matakin yanzu, amma za mu taimake ka ka yi la'akari da yanayin da za a iya buƙata a gaba a gaba, wanda shine abin da ya bambanta mu da sauran masu samar da samfur.
Misalai na Sabis ɗin bugun 3D
Don samar wa abokan ciniki sabis mafi inganci
