Anodizing wani tsarin wucewa ne na electrolytic da ake amfani dashi don ƙara kauri na Layer oxide na halitta akan saman sassan ƙarfe.

Ana kiran tsarin da anodizing saboda sashin da za a yi amfani da shi yana samar da lantarki ta anode na kwayar halitta.Anodizing yana ƙara juriya ga lalata da lalacewa, kuma yana samar da mafi kyawun mannewa don abubuwan fenti da manne fiye da ƙarancin ƙarfe.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da fina-finai na Anodic don tasirin kwaskwarima da yawa, ko dai tare da kauri mai kauri wanda zai iya sha rini ko kuma tare da rini na bakin ciki wanda ke ƙara tasirin tsangwama mai haske.

Ana kuma amfani da Anodizing don hana galling abubuwan da aka haɗa da zaren da kuma yin fina-finai na dielectric don masu ƙarfin lantarki.Ana amfani da fina-finai na Anodic don kare alloy na aluminum, kodayake matakai kuma suna wanzu don titanium, zinc, magnesium, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, da tantalum.Iron ko carbon karfe karfe exfoliates lokacin da oxidized karkashin tsaka tsaki ko alkaline micro-electrolytic yanayi;watau baƙin ƙarfe oxide (ainihin ferric hydroxide ko hydrated ƙarfe oxide, wanda kuma aka sani da tsatsa) yana samuwa ta hanyar ramukan anoxic da babban saman cathodic, waɗannan ramukan suna maida hankali ga anions kamar sulfate da chloride suna haɓaka ƙarfen da ke ƙasa zuwa lalata.Carbon flakes ko nodules a cikin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe tare da babban abun ciki na carbon (ƙarfe mai girma, simintin ƙarfe) na iya haifar da yuwuwar wutar lantarki da tsoma baki tare da shafa ko plating.Ƙarfe-ƙarfa na ƙarfe yawanci anodized electrolytically a cikin nitric acid ko ta hanyar jiyya tare da jan fuming nitric acid don samar da baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe (II,III) oxide.Wannan oxide ya kasance daidai ko da lokacin da aka sanya shi akan wayoyi kuma an lanƙwasa wayoyi.

Anodizing yana canza ƙananan rubutun saman da kuma tsarin crystal na karfe kusa da saman.Rubutun masu kauri galibi suna da ƙarfi, don haka ana buƙatar aiwatar da hatimi sau da yawa don cimma juriya na lalata.Filayen alumini na Anodized, alal misali, sun fi aluminum wahala amma suna da ƙarancin juriya zuwa matsakaicin lalacewa waɗanda za'a iya inganta su tare da ƙara kauri ko ta amfani da abubuwan rufewa masu dacewa.Fina-finan Anodic gabaɗaya sun fi ƙarfi kuma sun fi dacewa fiye da yawancin nau'ikan fenti da platin ƙarfe, amma kuma sun fi karye.Wannan yana sa su ƙasa da yuwuwar fashewa da bawo daga tsufa da lalacewa, amma sun fi saurin fashewa daga damuwa mai zafi.

Nau'in anodizing:

Anodizing an yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu na dogon lokaci, kuma ana iya taƙaita shi cikin hanyoyin rarrabuwa masu zuwa:

Dangane da nau'in halin yanzu, akwai: anodizing kai tsaye na yanzu, alternating current anodizing, da pulse current anodizing wanda zai iya rage lokacin samarwa don isa ga kauri da ake buƙata, fim ɗin Layer yana da kauri, uniform kuma mai yawa, kuma juriya na lalata yana inganta sosai. .

A cewar electrolyte, an kasu kashi: sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, chromic acid, gauraye acid da na halitta launi anodizing tare da Organic sulfonic acid bayani.

Dangane da yanayin fim din, an raba shi zuwa: fina-finai na yau da kullun, fim mai wuya (fim mai kauri), fim ɗin ain, Layer gyare-gyare mai haske, Layer shinge na semiconductor da sauran anodization.

Aikace-aikacen hanyar anodizing na sulfuric acid na yanzu shine mafi yawanci, saboda yana da maganin anodizing wanda ya dace da aluminium da mafi yawan alluran aluminum;Layer na fim yana da kauri, mai wuya da lalacewa, kuma za'a iya samun mafi kyawun juriya na lalata bayan rufewa;Fim ɗin fim ɗin ba shi da launi kuma mai haske, tare da ƙarfin talla mai ƙarfi da sauƙin launi;wutar lantarki mai sarrafawa ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa;tsarin aiki ba ya buƙatar canza yanayin wutar lantarki, wanda zai dace da ci gaba da samarwa da aiki da aiki mai amfani;Sulfuric acid ba shi da lahani ga jikin mutum fiye da chromic acid, kuma wadatar yana da fadi., low price da sauran abũbuwan amfãni.

Kafin zabar tsarin hadawan abu da iskar shaka, ya kamata ka fahimci aluminum ko aluminum gami abu, saboda ingancin kayan da bambanci a cikin sinadaran zai shafi kai tsaye ingancin samfurin aluminum bayan anodization.Misali, idan akwai lahani irin su kumfa, tarkace, bawo, da rashin ƙarfi a saman aluminum, duk lahani za su bayyana bayan an yi amfani da su.Har ila yau, abun da ke ciki na gami yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan bayyanar bayyanar bayan anodization.Alal misali, aluminium alloy dauke da 1-2% manganese ne launin ruwan kasa-blue bayan hadawan abu da iskar shaka.Tare da haɓaka abun ciki na manganese a cikin kayan aluminium, launin saman bayan oxidation yana canzawa daga launin ruwan kasa-blue zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.Aluminum alloys dauke da 0.6 zuwa 1.5% silicon suna launin toka bayan hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da kuma farin launin toka lokacin da suka ƙunshi 3 zuwa 6% silicon.Wadanda ke dauke da zinc din su ne opalescent, wadanda ke dauke da chromium zinare ne zuwa launin toka a cikin inuwar da ba ta dace ba, sannan wadanda ke dauke da nickel din rawaya ne.Gabaɗaya magana, kawai aluminum mai ɗauke da magnesium da titanium mai ɗauke da zinari sama da 5% na iya samun bayyanar mara launi, m, haske da tsabta bayan iskar oxygen.

Bayan zaɓar kayan aikin aluminum da aluminum, yana da dabi'a don yin la'akari da zaɓin tsarin anodizing mai dacewa.A halin yanzu, hanyar sulfuric acid oxidation, oxalic acid oxidation method da chromic acid oxidation hanyar da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin ƙasarmu duk an gabatar da su dalla-dalla a cikin littattafai da littattafai, don haka ba lallai ba ne a maimaita su.Wannan labarin yana son gabatar da takaitaccen bayani kan wasu sabbin fasahohin da ake ci gaba da bunkasawa a kasar Sin, da kuma wasu hanyoyin a kasashen waje.

1. An haɓaka sabuwar fasahar anodizing a kasar Sin

(1) Rapid oxidation na oxalic acid-formic acid gauraye bayani

Yin amfani da cakuda oxalic acid-formic acid shine saboda formic acid yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, a cikin irin wannan wanka, formic acid yana hanzarta rushe Layer na ciki (shamaki Layer da shinge Layer) na fim din oxide, ta haka ne ya sa shi ya zama mai laushi. (watau Layer na waje na fim din oxide).Za'a iya inganta halayen wanka (watau ana iya ƙara yawan adadin yanzu), don haka fim din oxide zai iya samuwa da sauri.Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar oxalic acid oxidation mai tsabta, wannan bayani zai iya ƙara yawan aiki ta hanyar 37.5%, rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki (yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na hanyar oxalic acid oxidation shine 3.32 kWh / m2, wannan hanyar ita ce 2 kWh / m2), da kuma ajiyewa. wutar lantarki da kashi 40%.

The fasaha dabara ne: oxalic acid 4-5%, formic acid 0.55%, uku-lokaci AC 44±2 volts, halin yanzu yawa 2-2.5A/d㎡, zazzabi 30±2℃.

(2) Mixed acid oxidation

An shigar da wannan hanyar a hukumance a cikin ma'auni na kasar Japan a cikin 1976, kuma Japan North Star Nikkei Household Products Co., Ltd ta karbe shi. Halayensa shine cewa an kafa fim ɗin cikin sauri, taurin, juriya da juriya na fim ɗin. sama da waɗanda na talakawa sulfuric acid hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya, da kuma fim Layer ne azurfa-fari, wanda ya dace da bugu da canza launi kayayyakin.Bayan masana'antar samfuran aluminium ta ƙasata ta ziyarci Japan, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da ita a cikin 1979. Tsarin tsarin da aka ba da shawarar shine: H2SO4 10～20%, COOHCOOH · 2H2O 1～2%, ƙarfin lantarki 10～20V, ƙimar halin yanzu 1～3A/d㎡ , zazzabi 15 ℃ 30 ℃, lokaci 30 minutes.

(3) Porcelain oxidation

Porcelain oxidation yafi amfani da chromic acid, boric acid da potassium titanium oxalate a matsayin electrolytes, kuma yana amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki da zafin jiki don maganin electrolytic.Bayyanar fim ɗin fim ɗin yana kama da glaze akan ain, wanda ke da juriya mai ƙarfi da juriya mai kyau.Za a iya rina fim ɗin fim ɗin tare da dyes na halitta ko inorganic, don haka bayyanar yana da haske da launi na musamman.A halin yanzu, an fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan dafa abinci na aluminum, fitilu, alkalan zinare da sauran kayayyaki, kuma ya shahara a tsakanin talakawa.

(4) Oxidation Launi na Tsaro na Ƙasa

National tsaro launi hadawan abu da iskar shaka ana amfani da yafi a cikin kayan ado na soja aluminum kayayyakin, don haka yana bukatar musamman kariya.Fim ɗin oxide kore ne na soja, matt, juriya da juriya, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin kariya.Tsarin shine kamar haka: da farko, oxalic acid yana da oxidized don samar da fim ɗin fim ɗin rawaya na zinari, sannan kuma an sanya shi tare da bayani na potassium permanganate 20g/l da H2SO41g/l.Shenyang Aluminum Product Factory yayi amfani da wannan tsari don samar da kettle na soja da kayan dafa abinci.

(5) oxidation mai-launi

A jika abin da aka rina amma ba a rufe ba tare da chromic acid ko oxalic acid don yada CroO3.Wani sashi na saman samfurin rini zai shuɗe bayan an jika shi ta hanyar CroO3.Ƙara oxalic acid ko chromium zuwa kowane ɓangaren samfurin kamar yadda ake buƙata.Acid wankewar gaba ɗaya na iya dakatar da martani tare da hoton.Sa'an nan kuma rina launi na biyu ko maimaita hanyoyin CroO3 na gogewa, gogewa, rini, da sauransu, kuma alamu kamar furanni da gajimare na iya bayyana idan an buƙata.A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi a cikin kofuna na zinariya, kofuna na ruwa, akwatunan shayi, fitilu da sauran kayayyaki.

(6) Tsarin rini na marmara

An fara rina samfurin da aka yi da oxidized tare da launin tushe na farko, a bushe, sannan a nutsar da shi cikin ruwa tare da mai yana yawo a saman.Lokacin da aka daga shi ko kuma a nutse, mai da ruwa za su yi kasa a hankali, suna sanya Layer fim ɗin ba tare da izini ba.Gurbace ta maiko.Lokacin sake canza launi na biyu, sassan fim ɗin oxide da aka lalata da man shafawa ba za a rina su ba, kuma sassan da ba tare da mai ba za a rina su da launi na biyu, suna samar da tsari mara kyau kamar ƙirar marmara.Ana iya ganin wannan hanyar a cikin labarin Comrade Zhou Shouyu na masana'antar wuƙa ta Yangjiang mallakar jihar Guangdong ("Electroplating and Finishing", na 2, 1982).

(7) Chemical etching da oxidation

Bayan goge goge da gogewa na injina, samfuran aluminium ana lulluɓe su da wakili mai ɗaukar hoto ko ɗaukar hoto, sa'an nan kuma an haɗa su da sinadarai (fluoride ko gishirin ƙarfe da sauransu) bayan bushewa don samar da tsari mai kama da juna.Bayan electrochemical polishing da anodizing, shi gabatar da wani surface juna tare da wani karfi ma'ana na jiki, wanda yake daidai da surface bayyanar bakin karfe.Yanzu an fi amfani da shi a cikin alkalan zinare, akwatunan shayi da allo.

(8) Annodic oxidation mai sauri a cikin zafin jiki

Yawancin lokaci, H2SO4 oxidation yana buƙatar kayan aikin sanyaya, wanda ke cinye wutar lantarki mai yawa.Bayan ƙara α-hydroxypropionic acid da glycerol, za a iya hana rushewar fim din oxide, ta yadda za'a iya aiwatar da iskar oxygen a yanayin zafi na al'ada.Idan aka kwatanta da na kowa sulfuric acid hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya, da fim kauri za a iya ƙara sau 2.Tsarin tsari da aka ba da shawarar shine:

H2SO4 150 ~ 160g/l

CH3CH (OH) COOH 18ml/l

CH2OHCHOHCH2OH 12ml/l

Yawan yawa na yanzu 0.8 ~ 12A/d㎡

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki 12-18 volts

Zazzabi 18 ~ 22 ℃

(9) Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka (kuma aka sani da conductive oxide film)

Juriya na lalata fim ɗin yana kusa da na sulfuric acid anodized fim.Fim ɗin oxide mai ɗaukar hoto yana da ƙaramin juriya na lamba kuma yana iya gudanar da wutar lantarki, yayin da H2SO4 anodic oxide fim ɗin ba zai iya gudanar da wutar lantarki ba saboda girman juriyar lamba.Juriyawar lalatawar fim ɗin oxide mai ɗaukar nauyi ya fi ƙarfi fiye da na jan ƙarfe, azurfa ko plating ɗin kwano akan aluminum.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ba za a iya siyar da Layer na fim ba, kawai ana iya amfani da walda ta tabo.Tsarin tsari da aka ba da shawarar shine:

CrO3 4g/l, K4Fe (CN) 6 · 3H2O 0.5g/l, NaF 1g/l, zazzabi 20 ~ 40 ℃, lokaci 20 ~ 60 seconds.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, jiyya na saman kayan aluminum ya ci gaba da sauri a duniya.Wasu tsofaffin matakai waɗanda ke kashe ma'aikata, wutar lantarki da albarkatu an yi gyare-gyare, kuma an yi amfani da wasu sabbin matakai da fasaha wajen samar da masana'antu.

(1) Hanyar anodizing mai sauri

A high-gudun anodizing tsari yafi rage impedance na electrolyte ta canza abun da ke ciki na electrolytic bayani, game da shi kunna high-gudun anodizing tare da mafi girma halin yanzu yawa.Maganin tsohuwar tsari ya yi amfani da ƙimar halin yanzu na 1A/d㎡ don samar da fim a cikin adadin 0.2 zuwa 0.25μ/min.Bayan amfani da wannan sabon tsarin bayani, ko da yawan adadin 1A/d㎡ na yanzu ana amfani da shi, za a iya inganta saurin ƙirƙirar fim ɗin.Haɓakawa zuwa 0.4 ~ 0.5μ / min, rage girman lokacin aiki da haɓaka haɓakar samarwa.

(2) Hanyar nau'in Tomita (high-speed oxidation).

Hanyar Tomita ta fi guntu fiye da tsohuwar tsari, kuma ana iya ƙara yawan aikin samarwa da fiye da 33%.Wannan hanya ba kawai dace da talakawa anodic oxide film, amma kuma ga wuya film hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

Idan za a samar da fim mai wuyar gaske, ana samun shi ta hanyar rage zafin maganin, kuma saurin samar da fim ɗin ya yi kusan daidai da wanda aka jera a teburin da ke sama.Dangantakar da ke tsakanin taurin fim da zafin bayani shine kamar haka:

10℃——Taurin 500H, 20℃——400H, 30℃——30H

(3) Fim ɗin Ruby

Tsarin samar da fim ɗin ruby ​​​​a saman aluminum wani tsari ne na sabon labari.Launi na fim ɗin zai iya zama daidai da na ruby ​​na wucin gadi, don haka tasirin kayan ado yana da kyau, kuma juriya na lalata da juriya suna da kyau.Hakanan ana iya shirya bayyanar launuka daban-daban ta nau'ikan oxides na ƙarfe daban-daban waɗanda ke cikin bayani.Hanyar tsari shine kamar haka: Na farko, yi amfani da 15% sulfuric acid don anodic oxidation, yawan adadin da ake amfani dashi shine 1A/d㎡, kuma lokacin shine 80 minutes.Bayan shan shi, da workpiece za a iya immersed a cikin (NH4) 2CrO4 mafita na daban-daban maida hankali bisa ga bukatun na launi zurfin, da yawan zafin jiki ne 40 ℃, da kuma lokaci ne 30 minutes, yafi bari da karfe ions shiga porous. anodic oxide fim rami tushen.Sa'an nan kuma ƙara sodium hydrogen sulfate (1 g kwayoyin nauyi), ammonium hydrogen sulfate (1.5 g kwayoyin nauyi), da zazzabi ne 170 ℃, halin yanzu yawa ne 1A/d㎡, bayan sama magani, wani purple-ja da walƙiya kyalli ruby. ana iya samun fim .Idan nutsewa shine Fe2 (CrO4) 3, Na2CrO4, sakamakon fim ɗin shuɗi ne mai shuɗi mai shuɗi mai zurfi.

(4) Hanyar Asada electrolytic canza launi

Hanyar Asada electrolytic coloring shine yin cations na karfe (nickel salts, jan karfe, cobalt salts, da dai sauransu) su shiga cikin kasan pinholes na fim din oxide bayan an yi amfani da su, ta hanyar lantarki na yanzu, ta hanyar yin launi.Wannan tsari ya ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman saboda yana iya samun sautunan tagulla da baƙar fata, waɗanda masana'antun gine-gine ke maraba da su.Launi yana da tsayayyen saurin haske kuma yana iya jure yanayin yanayi mara kyau.Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar canza launin halitta, wannan tsari zai iya adana makamashin lantarki.Kusan duk bayanan martabar aluminum don ginawa a Japan an yi musu launin ta wannan hanyar.Har ila yau, Tianjin, Yingkou, Guangdong, da sauran wurare na kasarmu sun bullo da irin wannan fasaha da cikakkun kayan aiki.Wasu raka'a a Guangdong suma sun yi nasarar gwadawa da amfani da su don samarwa.

(5) Hanyar canza launin halitta

Hanyar canza launin halitta an kammala ta hanyar lantarki ɗaya.Hakanan akwai nau'ikan mafita da yawa, gami da sulfosalicylic acid da sulfuric acid, sulfotitanic acid da sulfuric acid, da sulfosalicylic acid da maleic acid.Tun da yawancin hanyoyin canza launi na halitta suna amfani da kwayoyin acid, fim din oxide yana da ɗanɗano mai yawa, kuma fim ɗin fim yana da kyakkyawan juriya na haske, juriya da juriya na lalata.Amma rashin amfani da wannan hanya shine: don samun launi mai kyau, dole ne a sarrafa abun da ke ciki na kayan haɗin gwiwar aluminum.